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24 February 2013

PRA PASKAH...


Masa Prapaskah merupakan suatu tradisi dalam Gereja Katolik untuk mempersiapkan diri menyambut Hari Raya Paskah. Apakah Masa Prapaskah ditetapkan oleh Tuhan Yesus sendiri? Jawabannya adalah tentu tidak. Namun demikian, sebagai umat Katolik kita mengimani bahwa Gereja Katolik yang dilembagakan oleh Kristus sendiri, berhak untuk menetapkan segala sesuatu yang bertujuan untuk membangun iman umatnya. Gereja Katolik bagaikan ibu kita yang menyediakan segala fasilitas yang diperlukan bagi anaknya untuk menjalani hidup yang  utuh dan bahagia.

Masa Prapaskah berawal dari (t)radisi mempersiapkan katekumen (calon baptis) yang hendak menerima Sakramen Baptis pada Malam Paskah. Pada zaman dahulu, penerimaan Sakramen Baptis hanya dilangsungkan pada Malam Paskah, mengingat hubungan yang erat antara sakramen ini  dengan Paskah Kristus. Orang yang menerima Sakramen Baptis, dikuburkan bersama Kristus dan bangkit kembali untuk menerima hidup baru.  Seiring berjalannya waktu, periode persiapan bagi katekumen ini berkembang menjadi suatu periode mati raga/mortifikasi (penyangkalan diri) selama 40 hari yang di dalamnya termasuk Tri Hari Suci. Perlu dijernihkan di sini bahwa "Tri Hari Suci berlangsung mulai Misa Perjamuan Tuhan sampai Ibadat Sore Minggu Paskah" (DIREKTORIUM TENTANG KESALEHAN UMAT DAN LITURGI No.140). Ibadat Sore yang dimaksud di sini adalah Ibadat Harian dari buku Brevir. Jadi, Tri Hari Suci terdiri dari Kamis Putih, Jumat Agung, dan Sabtu Suci. Adapun Misa Malam Paskah sudah tidak termasuk ke dalam Masa Prapaskah, melainkan peralihan ke Hari Raya Paskah. Namun demikian,  umat yang menghadiri Misa Malam Paskah sudah memenuhi kewajiban menghadiri Misa Hari Raya (Minggu) Paskah, walaupun tetap dianjurkan untuk menghadiri Misa Hari Raya (Minggu) Paskah.

Pantang dan puasa di luar hari Rabu Abu dan Jumat Agung dapat kita lakukan setiap hari selama Masa Prapaskah, KECUALI pada hari Minggu (karena kita SELALU merayakan hari Minggu sebagai HARI RAYA dan pangkal segala pesta, walaupun hari-hari Minggu Prapaskah tetap bernuansa pertobatan).  Mengapa Masa Prapaskah terdiri dari periode 40 hari? Angka “40” dalam Kitab Suci muncul dalam berbagai peristiwa. Musa berada di Gunung Sinai selama 40 hari 40 malam, Elia melakukan menempuh perjalanan ke Gunung Horeb selama 40 hari 40 malam, dan Yesus sendiri berpuasa 40 hari 40 malam. Inti dari semua peristiwa itu sama. Ada suatu “perjalanan rohani” dalam periode tersebut. Hal ini tepat sejalan dengan dokumen gerejawi  LITTERÆ CIRCULARES DE FESTIS PASCHALIBUS PRÆPARANDIS ET CELEBRANDIS atau PERAYAAN PASKAH dan PERSIAPANNYA (PPP) No. 6 dikatakan bahwa “Masa Prapaskah tahunan adalah masa rahmat, karena kita mendaki Gunung Suci Hari Raya Paskah”. Maka dari itu, Masa Prapaskah tepat sekali kita manfaatkan untuk “menjadi manusia yang lebih baik”.

Dalam sejarah Gereja, banyak umat, baik secara individu maupun kelompok, melakukan upaya-upaya mati raga secara lahiriah. Seperti mencambuki diri sendiri dengan cambuk kecil, melakukan puasa yang ekstrim, memakai pakaian dari karung goni, dan sebagainya. Semua upaya mati raga ini dilakukan sebagai bentuk pertobatan.  Saat ini, praktik-praktik mati raga semacam itu sudah tidak lazim dilakukan dalam Gereja (walaupun Gereja tidak melarang secara eksplisit, karena bagaimanapun bentuk-bentuk mati raga itu merupakan suatu devosional, sesuatu yang bersifat pribadi). Kini, mati raga kita bukan  lagi “mencari penderitaan”,  karena penderitaan selalu ada dalam kehidupan kita.  Lalu bagaimana kita menjalani mati raga dalam Masa Prapaskah ini? Berikut tips-tips yang mungkin bisa diterapkan.

1.      Pertama sekali, kita harus menyadari kehidupan rohani kita. Apakah kehidupan kita lebih baik dari tahun lalu atau malah lebih buruk? Apapun itu, kita bertekad untuk menjadi lebih baik melalui sarana Masa Prapaskah yang ditetapkan oleh Gereja.

2.      Apakah dosa yang kita sering akui dalam Sakramen Tobat? (atau bahkan malah jangan-jangan kita sudah lama sekali tidak menerima Sakramen Tobat?) Dosa yang sering kita akui menunjukkan bagian mana dalam diri kita yang masih harus diperbaiki.

3.      Tidak membuat komitmen mati raga yang “wah”. Buatlah komitmen yang sederhana tapi “berdaya guna”. Gereja Katolik mewajibkan PANTANG BERIKUT PUASA HANYA PADA hari Rabu Abu dan Jumat Agung. Namun demikian, adalah baik bila kita tetap melakukannya pada hari-hari lain juga selama Masa Prapaskah. PUASA berarti makan kenyang sekali sehari pada satu jam makan. Pada jam makan lain kita mengurangi porsi makan kita sambil mengingat orang-orang yang berkekurangan. PANTANG berarti tidak melakukan yang kita sukai DENGAN DILANDASI MOTIVASI ROHANI, dengan kata lain sebagai KORBAN ROHANI. Seseorang yang karena satu dan lain hal harus mengurangi konsumsi gula karena diabetes, misalnya, tidak bisa berkata “Saya pantang gula” (karena memang pada dasarnya orang itu harus mengurangi gula demi kesehatan). Orang seperti ini sebaiknya mencari bentuk pantang lain. Lain halnya apabila seseorang “kecanduan” mengonsumsi gula, maka pantang gula bisa dilakukan, demi mengurangi “kelekatan” terhadap konsumsi gula. Demikian juga mereka yang sudah terbiasa menjadi vegetarian, tidak bisa berkata "saya pantang daging" pada Masa Prapaskah, namun ia bisa melakukan pantang yang lain.

4.      Bentuk pantang tidak terikat, melainkan kita mencari sendiri bentuk-bentuk yang memupuk pertobatan batin. Berikut usulan pantang/komitmen sederhana yang dapat dilakukan sebagai bentuk mati raga :

a.      mengurangi segala bentuk “kelekatan” (atau “kecanduan”, misalnya dalam hal merokok, konsumsi makanan tertentu, main games, media sosial internet ) dan menggantinya dengan kegiatan postif seperti menghadiri Misa harian, membaca dan merenungkan Kitab Suci, berdoa rosario, dan sebagainya

b.      pantang mengawali dan mengakhiri hari tanpa doa (dengan kata lain, berkomitmen untuk berdoa setiap hari).

c.      pantang datang terlambat menghadiri Misa (dengan kata lain, berkomitmen untuk datang lebih awal untuk berdoa Rosario sebelum Misa misalnya).

d.      pantang mengeluh (ketika kesulitan datang tidak mengeluh melainkan mempersembahkan kesulitan itu “demi Yesus dan bagi keselamatan jiwa-jiwa”)

e.      pantang menghamburkan uang dengan berkomitmen menyisihkan uang jajan atau biaya transport  yang sebenarnya tidak terlalu diperlukan (misalnya jika ke tempat kerja sebenarnya bisa menggunakan kendaraan umum, maka tidak perlu naik taksi), untuk diserahkan ke Gereja sebagai Aksi Puasa.

f.      pantang cemberut (berkomitmen untuk tersenyum SEKALIPUN kita disakiti).

g.     pantang menggunakan tas plastik ketika belanja (berkomitmen "think globally, act locally")

Apabila mati raga yang kita lakukan selama Masa Prapaskah kemudian terus berlanjut menjadi kebiasaan baik setelah Masa Prapaskah selesai, maka diharapkan kita menjadi manusia yang sedikit lebih baik daripada sebelumnya.

         Akhir kata, segala perbuatan baik kita sebenarnya tidak membenarkan diri kita di hadapan Allah. Bapa hanya menerima perbuatan baik kita hanya kerena Kristus. Maka, jangan lupa untuk mempersembahkan segala mati raga (baca: korban rohani) kita kepada Bapa dengan menyatukannya dalam Korban Kristus dalam Ekaristi, misalnya dengan berdoa singkat atau berkata dalam hati, “Bapa, terimalah korban rohaniku yang kupersatukan dengan Kurban Kristus di altar.”

Semoga berguna. Mari kita bersama-sama berjuang hingga Hari Raya Paskah yang cerah!

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